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The perceptual load theory was originated by Nilli Lavie in the mid-nineties〔Lavie N. (1994) Perceptual load and physical distinctiveness as determinants of the locus of attentional selection. PhD Thesis, (Tel Aviv).〕〔Lavie, Nilli (2011) Q&A. Current Biology, Volume 21, Issue 17, R645 - R647〕 in order to resolve the debate in attention research on the role of attention in information processing.〔Lavie, N. (1995). Perceptual load as a necessary condition for selective attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 451-468.〕〔Lavie, N. & Tsal, Y. (1994). Perceptual load as a major determinant of the locus of selection in visual attention. Perception & Psychophysics, 56, 183-197.〕〔Lavie, N. & Cox, S. (1997). On the efficiency of attentional selection: Efficient visual search results in inefficient rejection of distraction. Psychological Science, 8, 395-398.〕 The question of the debate was whether attention affects information processing at early stages of perception (the ‘early selection’ view) or only at later stages such as memory or response selection (‘the late selection’ view). Accordingly the debate is often called ‘the early and late selection’ debate. Perceptual load theory stipulates that perception has limited capacity but operates in automated, involuntary manner on all the information within its capacity. In other words all the information that can be perceived (within the brain’s limited capacity) will be perceived. In tasks involving a large amounts of information, in other words high perceptual load, capacity is fully exhausted by the processing of the attended information, resulting in no perception of unattended information (‘early selection’). In contrast, in tasks of low perceptual load, since perception cannot be voluntarily stopped, spare capacity from processing the information in the attended task will inevitably spill over, resulting in the perception of task-irrelevant information that people intended to ignore (‘late selection’). The theory resolves the early and late selection attention debate by explaining that tasks of low perceptual load result in late selection effects of attention, whereas tasks of high perceptual load result in early selection attention effects. ==Key Assumptions== Perceptual load theory is a hybrid model, combining a limited capacity approach with a parallel simultaneous processing approach where perception proceeds in parallel on all information within its limited capacity until capacity runs out.〔〔〔〔Lavie, N. (2001). The role of capacity limits in selective attention: Behavioural evidence and implications for neural activity. In J. Braun & C. Koch (Eds.). Visual Attention and Cortical Circuits. pp. 49-68. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT press.〕〔Lavie, N. (2000). Selective attention and cognitive control: dissociating attentional functions through different types of load. In S. Monsell & J. Driver (Eds.). Attention and performance XVIII, pp. 175-194. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT press.〕 Voluntary control is limited in the theory to setting up priorities so that processing of stimuli that are relevant to the current task is prioritized over those that are irrelevant. However, what dictates whether a stimulus is processed or not is the level of load in the task. Irrelevant stimuli are still perceived in conditions of low perceptual load, despite their low priority.〔〔〔〔〔〔Lavie, N., Hirst, A., De Fockert, J. W. & Viding, E. (2004) Load theory of selective attention and cognitive control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133, 339-354.〕 From 2000 onwards Load theory was expanded to explain the interaction between perceptual load and load on cognitive control processes that actively maintain task priorities.〔〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Perceptual load theory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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